Modern Arabic Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Modern Arabic Media - Essay Example We have to carefully access each belief by keeping in mind these different criteria's, which will help us, give our responses and will result in a well orientated research from which actions will take place. In short, we can say that culture can be known as the identity of a person, which varies from person to person. (Traditional beliefs and health problems, 1, n.d) When we talk about Arab culture, there are many cultures because of which we can not say that the Arab culture comprises of only one culture, but this comprises of many cultures which is vary vast and rich in communities, groups and cultures. Within the countries there exist many different cultures due to which there are differences amongst themselves, which is not amongst the countries but within the countries as well. Arab is territory which ranges from Morocco across Northern Africa and then to the Persian Gulf. Arab countries are also being termed as Middle East and North Africa. The key component of Arab countries is that they are religious and culturally different having Islam as their most dominant religion. They include different races such as Muslims, Christians and Jews. Religion does play a vital role in the Arab countries and their politics. It has been observed that all Muslims are Arabs and all the Arabs are Muslims which is a wrong conception. Their culture is a civil ized one in which the modern cities combine with the ancient cities. Religion plays a vital role in politics of the country. In the Arab countries women are subordinates of men in the society, which is being varied from country to country. Arabian Peninsula have the most restricted condition over women as compared to other countries such as Egypt and Lebanon, the women have less restrictions and are able to work with men in the society. They respect their families and friends and they act as a center for the Arabs in which Men are always the head of the family. (Arab Cultural Awareness, 1, 2006) Problems faced by Arab Media Today the Arab media is facing problems which include political, social, and cultural problems. It all began after the disastrous tragedy of 9/11, when the US government was shocked by attacks on them and Arab media played a major role to expose all the related information of the environment. The Arab media displayed the entire real picture of the on screen events as well as behind the scene. At that time, the US government was of the point of view that how the Arab media was showing and informing the people's mind. They launched an investigation into this matter to find out the real picture. Americans deeply investigated into the matters at how they are revealing information which has not been revealed before. All this started to cause problems for the Arab media which was researching deep analysis into the matters and providing information against the US Government. (Arab Media, 1, 2005) Cultural problems faced by Arab Media In the Arab countries companies are of the point of view not to leak out any sort of information which can be processed by the journalists. They try and keep things to themselves and do not share their internal information. The companies do not want themselves to

The Distinction Between Man and Machine Essay Example for Free

The Distinction Between Man and Machine Essay The comparison between man and machine has always been controversial, whether in area of work or entertainment. A common question, How different are they from us? We would used to say looks, movements and thoughts are what would differentiate us from them. As technology advances, such differences are less likely to exist, further blurring the distinction between them and man. However, no matter how machines become exact replica of man, it always lack that human touch that we possess. Overall, I would agree that the distinction between man and machine is being blurred. Some would argue that man naturally would have the creativity and innovation, which machines would not have. It is indeed true that man do possess such creativity, but creativity needs to be expressed to be visible, and not all are able to do so. In fact, most would follow orders from their bosses and finish their work in a systematic manner, which is similar to the way machines function. In addition, some would add on that machines lack the human touch that humans have, which include feelings like love, compassion and empathy. Although it is true that machines do not have such feelings, it is not necessarily true that we humans possess such feelings. In the past, no doubt we are more compassionate and sympathetic. However, with the increase in pace of society and the advent of smart gadgets, man not only work longer hours, but also become cold and unfeeling to others. Their breaks during working hours become maintenance and repair for machines. Their faces that used be cheery and happy has become emotionless, making them no different from machines. Moreover, shootings and killings at Sandy Hook would not have occurred if man had feelings for others. Thus, not fully embracing the use of creativity and being indifferent to others has blurred the distinction between man and machine. I would agree that the distinction between man and machine is being blurred because it is indeed true that machines can pass off as a human as long as it is able to project a human image. With such ability to do so, people would tend to forget the distinction between them. Hatsune Miku, a famous holographic pop star in Japan is an example. Her image or hologram is generated by a machine. Although she may be fake, she has managed to gain many fans. Fans who would literally fill up her music concerts, and fans who would craze wildly after her as she sings, as though she is real. Another example would be chatbots. Chatbots are machines that have been programmed to communicate with new members of their websites to make them feel more welcomed. They can literally pass off as real humans with a human-like profile picture because the way they are programmed to communicate with the other party is exactly like a human. Hence, the distinction between man and machine has not been as clear as before. I would agree that the distinction between man and machine is not clear because machines start to play a part in mans life and at times, remain unnoticeable. In the medical industry, artificial limbs have been implanted into people who have lost their legs during war or in an accident to help them walk again. Pacemakers are also a form of machinery that is commonly used in the medical industry to control abnormal heart rhythms and enable him to resume an active lifestyle. In addition, a team from Harvard University has also created what it calls cyborg tissue, which is half-man, half-machine. All these blur the distinction between man and machine because a man with mechanic body parts can be considered either a man because of his feelings, or a machine because of its mechanic body parts.

Essay --

Lab Report 1 Allison M. Shaw Bio 302L Sec: 009 Thursday February 12th, 2014 Introduction: HL-60 cells were initially taken from a Caucasian female that had acute promyelocytic leukemia (Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson, 2002). These cells are good for studying cellular processes and under favorable conditions, are â€Å"immortal†. HL-60 cells have a relatively quick doubling time of no more than 48 hours, and do not experience apoptosis, which makes them â€Å"immortal† (Cirtain, et. al, 2002). The HL-60 cell line’s immortality is instrumental when it comes to finding possible treatments for patients with leukemia, which is of interest to researchers. This immortality attribute is also critical for studying mechanisms of monocyte and granulocyte differentiation (Collins, 1987). Another quality about the HL-60 cell line that is equally important is its ability to differentiate into the white blood cell line (Collins, 1987). Granulocytes and monocytes are the two most important types of differentiated cells in this experiment, although white blood cells also differentiate into macrophage-like cells and eosinophils (Collins, 1987). Compounds occurring naturally that induce HL-60 cell line differentiation include Vitamin D (Collins, 1987). Chemical inducers, such as DMSO and PMA in this experiment, can induce HL-60 cells to differentiate into cells along the myeloid path (Cirtain et al,. 2002). DMSO is studied as a control for PMA treatment conditions and is used to make PMA solution. It causes HL-60 cells to differentiate mostly into granulocytes (Cirtain et al,. 2002). The control in this experiment is cells treated with DMSO, and is done to show DMSO has no effect on PMA (Cirtain et al,. 2002). Using kinase C, PMA activates cert... ...he line. Further studies could allow researchers to gain valuable information possibly leading to cures for numerous cancer types. References: Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson. â€Å"Chapter 3.† Power Point. Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual. Great River Tech. Web. 8 Feb 2014. Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson. â€Å"Chapter 4.† Power Point. Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual. Great River Tech. Web. 8 Feb 2014. Collins, S. J. "The HL-60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line: Proliferation, Differentiation, and Cellular Oncogene Expression." The Blood Journal 70 (1987): 1233-1244. Xie, Bei, Amale Laouar, and Eliezer Huberman. "Fibronectin-mediated Cell Adhesion Is Required for Induction of 92-kDa Type IV Collagenase/Gelatinase (MMP-9) Gene Expression during Macrophage Differentiation." The Journal of Biological Chemistry (1998): 1576-1582.

The Cycle of Vengeance in Aeschylus’s Oresteia Essay -- Oresteia Essay

The Cycle of Vengeance in Aeschylus’s Oresteia    The cyclic thread of vengeance runs like wild fire through the three plays in Aeschylus’s Oresteia. This thread, with its complexity of contemporary and universal implications lends itself quite well to – in fact, almost necessitates – deeply interested study. While a brief summary of the Oresteia will inevitably disregard some if not much of the trilogy’s essence and intent, on the positive side it will establish a platform of characters, events, and motives with which this paper is primarily concerned. As such, I begin with a short overview of the Oresteia and the relevant history that immediately precedes it. The house of Atreus is cursed, it would seem, with the perpetual cycle of vengeance, the law of an eye for an eye. The curse originated with Tantalus, who angered the gods by feasting them on the flesh of his own son, Pelops. Pelops was restored by the gods and effected the birth of two sons, Thyestes and Atreus. Thyestes angered his brother by seducing his wife and challenging his claim to the throne. Consequently, Thyestes was banished from the kingdom, only to be summoned back by Atreus in false friendliness. Atreus, in the mode of his grandfather, feasted the unknowing Thyestes on small bits of Thyestes’ own children. Upon discovery of his doing, the distraught Thyestes fled into exile with his only remaining son, Aegisthus. The Agamemnon picks up with Agamemnon and Menelaus, sons to Atreus, who joined together in the war of Troy after Paris, son of Priam, seduced Helen, wife to Menelaus. Angered by his ruthless man-sacrifices in the war, Artemis required that Agamemnon take the life of his daughter Iphigeneia in order to save the army and fleet o... ...y nature one who questions, one who hesitates, one who considers his own actions from a variety of perspectives. This, by far, appears to be both the simplest and most sound argument. As Oedipus’s persistent pursuit of truth and constantly questioning nature made him a hero in Sophocles’ Oedipus, so did the similar nature of Orestes in the Oresteia.    Works Cited          Aeschylus. â€Å"The Oresteia.† Aeschylus: The Oresteia. Tran. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1979. 99-277.    Aristotle. Poetics. Tran. Gerald F. Else. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Paperbacks, 1986.    Finley, John H. Jr. Pindar and Aeschylus. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1955.    ---. Four Stages of Greek Thought. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1966.    Pollitt, J. J. Art and Experience in Classical Greece. London: Cambridge UP, 1979.    Taplin, Oliver. Greek Tragedy in Action. London: Routledge, 1993.

Presidential Speech Essay

In Barrack Obama’s Second Inaugural Address he mentioned how he wants to improve the United States by having better education, having woman’s right, gay rights, virtue programs for the retired and disabled, the importance of tackling global warming, and immigration reform. In the speech he gave he talked about what brings this country together is not the race or beliefs of people but the idea articulated in the declaration of independence and how the founding fathers of this country did not mean to become deprived by the constitution and that patriotism was not the preserve of the right. After everything that has happened in this country we are recovering, our future is looking brighter. He wants to grow government in order to remake our country along his progressive vision. He also wants to increase our taxes instead of reforming medicare and social security. This speech is also about how the ones who died in the army or in 9/11 are the ones who have paid for our freedom we have in this country. Everyone in the United States is given a chance to succeed, no matter how poor they may be because they are an American and we are free and equal. This speech is also about how we should be aware of those who want to harm us and do bad and show courage and defend each other peacefully. He believes equal pay for women, equality under the law for gays,voting rights, immigration reforms and higher employments are the keys to further America’s journey towards its highest ideals. He promise to further the journey as part of his oath and asked for us to accomplish the same oath. He also promised to keep existing alliances strong, emphasized the end of wars and the economic recovery. Obama’s second Inaugural Address took place on the national day that celebrates the civil rights leader, Martin Luther king Jr. In his speech he had mention â€Å"we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half slave and half free.† Obama’s Inauguration theme was â€Å"Faith in America’s Future† which was about the 150th anniversary on Abraham Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation, this was when Abraham Lincoln announced slavery illegal and wanted equal rights for everyone. I think the speech Barrack Obama gave was good and bad at the same time  because he probably lost a lot of people when he mention the gay rights and immigration reform. But also gained some votes from the Hispanics and young adults because young people accept gay rights than most of the country. I think he does make a point in wanting to pass the pathway to legal status for undocumented immigrants instead of mass deportation because a lot of people come to the united states to find a better future for their children. Those immigrants see this country as a land of opportunity. Since Barrack Obama gave this speech, nothing has really occurred ,other than Obama’s residential order which is similar to the dream act. The people who qualify for this must be between the ages 12-35,arrived in the United States before the age of 16, lived in the United States for at least 5 years, and have graduated a highs school and obtained their diploma or GED. This allows a dreamer to get their work permit for two years, and a driver’s license. Even though immigration reforms are not passing and are having issues with it, it is moving forward.

Curiosity Kits Neon and Magic Powerballs Review

Curiosity Kits' Neon and Magic Powerballs Review Curiosity Kits offers a science kit called Neon and Glow Magic Powerballs. The kit, for ages 6, lets you create your own polymer bouncy balls. What You Get and What You Need Most of what you need to make powerballs comes with the kit. You get: 4 molds to make different shapes of balls20 packs of crystals in 7 neon and glow-in-the-dark colorsresealable plastic bags so you can store your ballsinstructions You need to supply: cup of waterscissors to open the packageswatch or timerfoil or plastic wrap My Experience Making Magic Powerballs My kids and I made powerballs. They are ages 9-14, so none was as young as the lower limit listed on the product, but I dont think a younger child would have any difficulty with this project. Children younger than age 6 might have trouble pouring the crystals into the mold to make a ball or might be tempted to eat the crystals. The instructions for this kit are very clear and include pictures, so its very easy to get great results. Basically, here is what you do: Snap together the molds.Pour crystals (one or many colors, be creative!) into a mold until it is full.Immerse the filled mold in a cup of water for 90 seconds. (We just counted to 90.)Remove the mold from water and allow it to sit on the counter for 3 minutes (time didnt seem to be critical), then remove it from the mold and set it on a piece of foil or plastic wrap.When the ball is set or not-sticky, bounce it and play with it.Store each ball in its own plastic bag (included). Pretty easy, right? It didnt seem to matter if you left the ball in the mold longer than 3 minutes, but you do not want to leave the filled mold in the water longer than 90 seconds. If you leave the ball in the water too long the crystals will swell up and split the mold open. The mold will be fine, but you will get a seriously mutated ball. The balls bounce really high. If they get dirty, you can just rinse them off with water. The package said you could make 20 balls using the materials, but we actually got 23 balls out of the package. What I Liked and Didnt Like About Magic Powerballs What I Liked Easy enough even a child can make them.The project is quick. I would say you could go from opening the package to having a ball within 10 minutes.You dont need any strange materials. Get a glass of water and youre set.The project is very safe. Its safe to touch the materials. The balls are non-toxic.Clean-up was simple. Just wipe down your work surface with a damp sponge when you are done.The balls are exactly as described. They really do bounce up to 15 feet. They really are bright neon colors. Most of the colors glow very brightly under a black light. Some of the colors glow in the dark (green for sure, possibly pink). What I Didnt Like This is one of the best science activity kits Ive come across, so there isnt a lot I would improve. However, I wish the instructions had included some explanation of the chemistry behind making the powerballs. It also might be nice if the crystals came in resealable bags so that you didnt need scissors and so you could store materials in case you dont make all the balls at one time. Magic Powerballs Summary Would I buy this kit again? Definitely! This would be an affordable and fun party activity for kids. It is an enjoyable family science activity. Do my kids want to do this activity again? Yes. The balls do not last forever (instructions said they were good for about 20 days), so this is a project that can be repeated.

Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan For Cookie Monster And The Cookie Essays

Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan For Cookie Monster And The Cookie Essays Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan For Cookie Monster And The Cookie Paper Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan For Cookie Monster And The Cookie Paper Tree Level: Pre-school/ Kindergarten Subject: Reading l. Objectives A. To realize the value of sharing. B. To realize that if you try hard enough, you will succeed. C. To describe the witch through a character profile. D. To describe the cookie monster through a character profile. E. To state the cookie monsters problem through a diary. F. To write the conversation regarding an argument between the witch and the cookie tree. G. To make a certificate of recognition for cookie monster and the witch for learning how to share. H. To appreciate the authors style by using speech bubbles in presenting the characters dialogues. II. Selection: Cookie Monster and the Cookie Tree by David Korr (Western Publishing Company Inc, 1977) III. Materials Book, flashcards for unlocking of difficulties, activity posters, writing and coloring materials, timer V. Procedure: A. Prereading 1. Unlocking of Difficulties a. ridiculous unbelievable, laughable Last weekend, I went to see a magic show. The magician said he could turn a handkerchief into a rabbit. The audience did not believe him. They told him it was ridiculous and they all laughed. What do you think ridiculous means? Did the audience think he can really turn the handkerchief into a rabbit? b. discouraged hopeless Even though the audience did not believe him, he still tried to do his trick. He waved his arms in the air but nothing happened. The audience Just laughed at him and he felt discouraged. What do you think discouraged means? How do you think the c. cast a spell say magic words Then the magician remembered that he forgot to cast a spell on the handkerchief. He said, Abracadabra and it turned into a rabbit. What does cast a spell mean? What id the magician do? What kind of words did he say? B. Motive and Motivation Questions: 1 . Motivation Question: Have you seen magicians do magic tricks? Can you name some of them? 2. Motive Question: Lets find out in the story what magic trick the witch will do. C. Reading What do you think the cookie monster will do? (page 8) D. Post Reading 1 . Engagement Activities: a. Character Profile the group will enumerate the witchs characteristics. b. Character Profile the group will enumerate the cookie monsters characteristics c. Diary the group will state cookie monsters problem d. Speech Bubble the group will write the conversation regarding an argument between the witch and the cookie tree. e. Certificate of Recognition the group will make a certificate for cookie monster and the witch for learning how to share. 2. Discussion: Who was visiting a tree in the forest? What kind of tree does she own? How did the witch feel about the cookie tree? Did she want to share it with anyone else? Why? Who else came to the forest? What is the cookie monster famous for? When the witch saw the cookie monster, what did she do? What kind of spell did she cast on the cookie tree? What happened when the cookie monster saw the cookie tree? What did the cookie tree tell the cookie monster? What did the cookie monster do after talking to the cookie tree? How did the witch feel after the cookie monster left? When cookie monster reached Sesame Street, what did he do? Did his friends believe him? Why? think he shared them with his friends? How did cookie monster feel when his friends did not believe him? While the cookie monster was with his friends, what was the witch doing? What can you say about the witch? What did she have in common with cookie monster? Did the cookie monster find anyone to share cookies with him? Why? If you were the cookie monster would you give up? Why? What did the cookie monster decide to do? What did he see when he returned to the forest? What did the cookie monster and the witch decide to do? What did the cookie tree do? Did the cookie monster and the witch get any cookies? Why? What happened to the spell? Why? What happened to the cookie tree after the cookie monster stopped eating? If you were the witch or the cookie monster would you do the same thing? Why? If one of your classmates forgot his or her snack what would you do? Why? Why is it important to share? Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan For The Dream Eater Level: Pre-school/Kindergarten/Grade 1 l. Objectives: A. To learn the value of helping others in need. B. To learn the value of gratitude. C. To describe Yukio through a character profile. D. To describe the baku through a character profile. E. To write a conversation between Yukio and the baku. F. To make a chart comparing everybodys dreams. G. To make an award for Yukio and the baku. H. To appreciate the illustrators beautiful drawings. The Dream Eater by Christian Garrison Illustrated by Diane Goode Macmillan Publishing Company, 1978. a. amboo This is a drawing of a bamboo plant. What can you say about this plant? Compare its parts with other plants. b. tender shoots The farmer planted the tender shoots of bamboo yesterday. What do we mean by tender shoots? How long does it take for plants to grow? c. nightmare After watching a horror movie, I had a nightmare. In my nightmare, I was being chased by monsters. What does nightmare mean? What kind of dream did I have? d. bandits The policemen are looking for bandits who stole a lot of money. What do you think bandits mean? What is another word for bandits? e. errible I heard a terrible news last week. A lot of people died because of the storm? What do you think terrible means? What kind of news did I hear? 1. strange The strange plant has violet leaves. What does strange mean? Do plants usually have violet leaves? 2. Motivation Question: What kind of dreams do you have when you sleep at night? 3. Motive Question: Lets find out in the story what kind of dreams the villagers have. B. Reading What do you think Yukio and the baku will do? (page 10) Ill. Post-Reading A. Engagement Activities 1 . Character Profile the group should be able to describe Yukios characteristics. 2. Character Profile the group should be able to describe the bakus characteristics. 3. Speech Bubble the group should be able to write the conversation between Yukio and the baku. 4. Chart the group should be able to make a Before And After chart about the villagers dreams. 5. Award the group should be able to make an award for the baku and Yukio. B. Discussions: 1. Where did the story happen? 2. What is the name of the little boy in the story? 3. What kind of dreams is he having? 4. Who else are having nightmares? What did they tell Yukio? 6. What did Yukio feel? 7. What happened when Yukio went to the river? 8. What did he see? 9. What happened to the baku? 11 . If you were Yukio would you do the same thing? Why? 12. How did the baku feel after being helped by Yukio? 13. What did the baku say to Yukio? 14. What did Yukio want the baku to do? 15. When they crossed the river bridge, what did the baku do? 16. If you were the baku, would you do the same thing? Why? 17. How do you think the villagers felt when their nightmares disappeared? 18. Why is it important to help others who are in need? 19. When you help others, how do you feel afterwards? 20. When somebody helps you, what should you do? Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan for Friends Level: Grade One A. Expressive Objectives 1. To learn the value of having friends. 2. To learn that friends always help each other. B. Instructional Objectives 1. To describe Charlie, Johnny and Percy through a character profile. 2. To make a chart about their different roles. 3. To write a conversation between the friends. 4. To make an award for their friends. 5. To make a list of things that friends do with each other C. Aesthetic Objectives 1. To appreciate the illustrators drawings II. Selection: Friends by Helme Heine (Illustrated by Helme Heine) Book Flashcards Activity posters Writing and coloring materials Timer V. Procedure a. Rumble Yesterday, I was so hungry that I heard my stomach rumble. What do you think rumble means? What happens when you are hungry? b. Plugged up The driver plugged up the hole in the tire. What do you think plugged up means? What will happen if you dont plug up a hole? c. Tiller The sailor used the tiller to turn right and then go straight. What do you think a tiller means? What is it used for? d. Steepest Mt. Apo is the steepest mountain in the Philippines. 1. What does steep mean? What can you say about Mt. Apo? 2. Motivation Question a. What do you do together with your friends? 3. Motive Question a. Lets find out in the story what the friends do together. B. During Reading The teacher will ask, What do you think they will do next? C. Post-Reading 1 . Engagement Activities a. Character Profile The group should be able to describe Charlie, Johnny and Percys characteristics. b. Chart The group should be able to state their different roles when riding a bicycle or a boat. c. Award The group should be able to make an ward for the friends. Discussion a. Who are the best friends in the story? b. What do they always say about good friends? c. What do they do every morning? d. After helping Charlie, what else do they do? e. What can you say about the friends when they do something together? f. What did they do when they got hungry? h. Where did they want to sleep? i. What did they decide to do? j. What did they dream about? k. How do you think the friends feel about each other? l. How do you feel about your friends? m. What are some of the things that friends do together? n. Why is it important to have friends?

Free Essays on Divorce And Children

All loving parents want the best for their children. They do everything humanly possible to provide for them, to support their lives, and to make them feel loved. But for more than half of all American children, divorce is a fact of life. Can children of divorce live happily ever after? How parents handle their divorce determines a lot about how their children will progress, both today and tomorrow. Divorce occurred, but did not become common in the U.S. until the mid-20th century. Two social developments have helped make divorce common in America. One of the reasons is the economic independence of women. Another thing is longevity. During the divorce boom that began in the mid-1960s, divorces affecting children went up even faster than divorces generally. Since 1972, more than a million children have been involved in a divorce each year. Attitudes toward the impact on children began to change as the divorce rate rose. Many parents wonder what effect their divorce will have on their children in both the short and long term. Differing advice from experts in the field and recommendations from the media add to parents’ anxiety. Parents want to know what reactions to expect from their children. They want to know if the divorce might affect their children’s future, and what they can do to help them grow up to be happy, successful adults. A great deal of study and thought has been given to knowing more about the impact of divorce on children. While there is growing agreement among researchers about the effects of divorce. There are specific points about the impact of divorce on a specific child. For instance, the impact will vary with each child depending on the child’s age, gender, maturity, psychological health and whether or not other supportive adults are able to be a regular part of their lives. However, there are some generalizations that apply in nearly every situation. The following is a few of the general... Free Essays on Divorce And Children Free Essays on Divorce And Children All loving parents want the best for their children. They do everything humanly possible to provide for them, to support their lives, and to make them feel loved. But for more than half of all American children, divorce is a fact of life. Can children of divorce live happily ever after? How parents handle their divorce determines a lot about how their children will progress, both today and tomorrow. Divorce occurred, but did not become common in the U.S. until the mid-20th century. Two social developments have helped make divorce common in America. One of the reasons is the economic independence of women. Another thing is longevity. During the divorce boom that began in the mid-1960s, divorces affecting children went up even faster than divorces generally. Since 1972, more than a million children have been involved in a divorce each year. Attitudes toward the impact on children began to change as the divorce rate rose. Many parents wonder what effect their divorce will have on their children in both the short and long term. Differing advice from experts in the field and recommendations from the media add to parents’ anxiety. Parents want to know what reactions to expect from their children. They want to know if the divorce might affect their children’s future, and what they can do to help them grow up to be happy, successful adults. A great deal of study and thought has been given to knowing more about the impact of divorce on children. While there is growing agreement among researchers about the effects of divorce. There are specific points about the impact of divorce on a specific child. For instance, the impact will vary with each child depending on the child’s age, gender, maturity, psychological health and whether or not other supportive adults are able to be a regular part of their lives. However, there are some generalizations that apply in nearly every situation. The following is a few of the general...

IT functions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

IT functions - Research Paper Example Secondly, an organization may outsource all or part of its data storage because it is not willing to purchase, maintain, and manage its data storage system. Therefore, outsourcing is imperative to all organizations regardless of its size. The three most popular Information Technology functions that organizations outsource are Virtualization, Datacenter operations and Disaster recovery. There are different factors to consider while making an informed decision whether to outsource or not. The factors to consider include Quality, communications, staff morale, agility, ability to hire and retain employees, and resource management ability. Firstly, most organizations decide to outsource Information Technology functions, when there is a shortfall of skilled human resources or skill sets of the current IT employees. In other cases, non-strategic IT or menial tasks are outsourced because they are less costly. Secondly, Outsourcing can lead to unique communication difficulties that comprise not only culture, but also language . Therefore, onshore managers responsible in managing an offshore outsource company relationship should have special training in cultural sensitivities. Thirdly, when organizations outsource all or part of Information Technology, onshore staff morale arises. Therefore, it is critical for IT management team to explain to staff reasons as to why a certa in project has to be outsourced and how this matches with other strategic objectives. The more staff comprehends why outsource, the better they appreciate the decisions and assess the reason they stand as long-term workforce. Lastly, it might be difficult to control and manage geographically distributed employees than it is to manage workforce in relative geographic proximity. Therefore, different time zones pose the barrier to project coordination. Another barrier is the inability to have viable face time with employees, something that online collaboration devices, email and instant

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Banking Industry Research Paper

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Banking Industry - Research Paper Example In April 1998, the month of the merger the opening price was at $60.44, the closing price was at $61.19 with the highest price $73.50 and the lowest price $59.19. The volume traded was $10,441,700, with the adjusted closing stock price as $21.49. Two years after the merger in April 2000, the opening price was at $60.00, the closing price was at $59.00 with the volume being traded $15,572,900. The highest and the lowest prices were at $65.44 & $56.00 respectively with the adjusted closing price at $31.81. The stock price analysis depicts that the stock price for Citicorp increased after the merger of the Citibank with Travelers Group. However two years down the line the stock price for the company reduced relative to the year of the merger depicting a stable stock position. In 1998, the year of the merger, the average price earning ratio was at 20.70, with the share price & sales ratio at 1.49. The share price and book value ratio for the company was at 2.63, with a net profit margin of 12.3. The book value per share in 1998 was at $9.46. Two years after the merger in 2000 the average price earning ratio was at 20.20, with the share price & sales ratio at 2.61. The share price and book value ratio for the company was at 3.87, with a net profit margin of 19.3. The book value per share in 2000 was at $13.18. Two years before the merger, the ROE for the Citibank and... The return on equity ratio stood at 16.3% with the interest coverage in 1998 was 1.4. Two years after the merger, the debt equity ratio for the company in 2000 was at 4.14, and the return on assets ratio at 1.4%. The return on equity ratio stood at 18.5% with the interest coverage in 2000 was 1.5. Since the deal closure of the merger, the ROE of the Citicorp has fluctuated dramatically going as high as 19.86 percent 18 months after the merger to arrive at a relatively stable position of 5.76 percent in 2000. Operating Cash Flows & Absolute Cash Flows In 1996, the operating cash flow for the Citibank was at $3,143 millions, and in the following years the cash flow for the company fluctuated dramatically going up to $8,844 million 18 months before the merger and as low as $(94) million 15 months before the merger. In 1998, at the time of the merger, the cash flow of the company stood at $2,066 million. This decreased as to $33 million when the deal was closed. Two years after the merger the cash flow value of the company was at $1,923 million. The cash flow position of the company has reduced in terms of cash generation on an annual basis since its merger with Travelers Group. Wells Fargo & Co The Wells Fargo & Co is a company operating in the financial sector in the US. It is the only bank in the US which has been rated in the category of AAA. The company was built after the acquisition of the Northwestern Corporation in the year 1998. Since then the company has established itself in the market in an appreciative manner. Stock Price The stock price of the Citicorp in February 2003 opened at $45.57 and closed at $45.35. The highest stock price reported in the month was at $45.98 with the

Trading in prophet Mohammed age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trading in prophet Mohammed age - Essay Example Mecca was not an oasis city so there was no significant agricultural trade going on. Foodstuffs and other agricultural products are imported from other places, some in Arabia and some from Syria. The trade has been depicted excellently by Muhammad’s life. Early in his career, he has dabbled in trade himself and was particularly good at it. The story is particularly enlightening. Muhammad found himself employed by a wealthy merchant, Khadija who eventually proposed marriage after a fruitful business relationship. Muhammad’s stint as a manager of Khadija’s caravan, earned for him a reputation as hard-working, modest and trustworthy, with many people calling him, al-Amin (the Trustworthy) as a result. (Jackson 2006, p. 3) Muhammad’s experience demonstrated the fact that people, with the right attitude and character could easily thrive in trading and enjoy financial success. After Muhammad and Khadija got married, they were said to have became business partner s and have continued trading successfully. Muhammad, though born to minor nobility, was actually poor because he was orphaned at a very early age. His rise and accumulation of wealth was not entirely out of divine intervention nor an isolated case. There were ample opportunities in trading and many citizens have enriched themselves by taking advantage of them, including women like Muhammad’s wife. ... For a trader, this is an excellent opportunity. The pilgrims needed food, shelter, clothing, among other necessities and luxuries. Organized caravans would carry these kinds of goods from other trading centers like Yemen, Syria and as far as India and Africa. These latter two locations were excellent sources of luxury goods that are quite in demand in Mecca – slaves, ivory, spices. Then, there were the so-called pilgrim fairs, wherein traders sold goods to pilgrims and visitors. Crone (2004) wrote that Mecca became a major market as scholars occasionally mentioned Hudhalis, Kinanis and others selling camels, sheep, slaves and numerous other commodities while Umayya was said to have sold imports on the lower part of the city. (p. 179) In addition, trade has also brought foreign merchants to Arabia as Byzantine and Jewish traders were said to have travelled to Mecca actively selling their wares. The religion variable is further reinforced by the fact that many pilgrim stations i n Arabia had experienced drastic commercial transformations as well. Crone has sufficiently explained this, citing the financial success of cities like Mina, Ukaz, Arafa, Majanna and Dhul-Majaz. (p. 175) In addition, the religious cult that emerged has drawn people from all over that by the latter part of the sixth century, Mecca became a major shrine in Arabia and perhaps the Middle East. Commercial activity flourished further because the cult created a peaceful and stable community that was very conducive to business. Mecca became an important haram in which violence and bloodshed are prohibited. (Donner 2010, p. 35) Traders can come and practice actively without the fear of being molested

Concepts Learned to a Real-life Simulation Experience Research Paper

Concepts Learned to a Real-life Simulation Experience - Research Paper Example Now, on the right hand side of the equation, ‘e’ is taken as the number of times the interest is compounded. Now if we substitute the values in the equation we can get the following results. National First    Prime Rate 3.25% Floor Rate 6.75% Number of times compounded Semiannually i 0.1 e 2 a 10.25% Regions Best    Prime Rate 13.17% Number of times compounded Monthly i 13.17% e 12 a 13.99% (ii) Thus it is apparent from the above calculation that the company should borrow from National First Bank as it is charging interest at a lesser Equivalent rate which is 10.25%. If we suppose that the company acquires loan amounting to $ 8 million, then following will be the annual interest charge that the company will have to record in its income statement Loan Amount Bank Rate on interest Interest Charge $ 8,000,000 National First 10.25% $ 820,000.00 $ 8,000,000 Regions Best 13.99% $ 1,119,200.00 Thus it is apparent from the above calculation that in case of National First Ban k, the company would have to pay lesser amount of interest as compared to that if the loan amount was obtained from Regions Best Bank. By adopting to obtain funds from National First, the company will save $299,200 on account of interest payments. (iii) Evaluating the proposal of Regions Best, the following formula is to be used (Figure a) The above mentioned formula is termed as the formula for ‘annuity’ in which â€Å"P† is the present value of the cumulative amount, â€Å"R† is the period payments, â€Å"I† is the period interest rate and â€Å"n† is the number of period for which the funds were borrowed. As per the terms decided with the Regions Best, the company will pay interest at 8.6% which shall be compounded monthly (that is why the ‘I’ in the formula of annuity has been divided by 12). Substituting the values we get P $ 6,950,000 i 8.60% n 5 years R $142,925 monthly Following is the loan schedule further explaining the computation Loan Schedule Months Opening Balance Annual Payments Interest Charged (8.6/12) Principal Paid Closing Balance 1 6,950,000 142,925 49,808 93,117 6,856,883 2 6,856,883 142,925 49,141 93,784 6,763,099 3 6,763,099 142,925 48,469 94,456 6,668,643 4 6,668,643 142,925 47,792 95,133 6,573,510 5 6,573,510 142,925 47,110 95,815 6,477,695 6 6,477,695 142,925 46,423 96,502 6,381,193 7 6,381,193 142,925 45,732 97,193 6,284,000 8 6,284,000 142,925 45,035 97,890 6,186,110 9 6,186,110 142,925 44,334 98,591 6,087,519 10 6,087,519 142,925 43,627 99,298 5,988,221 11 5,988,221 142,925 42,916 100,010 5,888,212 12 5,888,212 142,925 42,199 100,726 5,787,485 13 5,787,485 142,925 41,477 101,448 5,686,037 14 5,686,037 142,925 40,750 102,175 5,583,862 15 5,583,862 142,925 40,018 102,907 5,480,955 16 5,480,955 142,925 39,280 103,645 5,377,310 17 5,377,310 142,925 38,537 104,388 5,272,922 18 5,272,922 142,925 37,789 105,136 5,167,786 19 5,167,786 142,925 37,036 105,889 5,061,897 20 5,061,897 142,92 5 36,277 106,648 4,955,249 21 4,955,249 142,925 35,513 107,412 4,847,836 22 4,847,836 142,925 34,743 108,182 4,739,654 23 4,739,654 142,925 33,968 108,958 4,630,696 24 4,630,696 142,925 33,187 109,738 4,520,958 25 4,520,958 142,925 32,400 110,525 4,410,433 26 4,410,433 142,925 31,608 111,317 4,299,116 27 4,299,116 142,925 30,810 112,115 4,187,001 28 4,187,001 142,925 30,007 112,918

Building team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Building team - Essay Example Probably, the unsuccessful managers are leaving it up to the team members to select the leader amongst themselves. When this happens, the process of selection of the team leader may become complicated as there is just one post and contenders are many. In other cases, everybody is reluctant to be a leader since more authority comes with more responsibility. When the benefits of having more authority are not much, there is not much attraction in becoming a leader. To avoid these complications, it is a good practice for the manager to select the leader from among the team members himself/herself. In addition to simplifying the process, this would add to the credibility and reliability of the leader in the view of the followers since the manager placed his/her confidence in the individual selected as the leader. Selection of the team members is a technical process, and requires knowledge of the individual talents of members by the selector to form the right team. The managers should select diverse team members having different kinds of skills and talents to avoid repetition of skills and fights over roles (National Institute for Urban School Improvement, 2005, p. 3). Conflict management in teamwork is of prime importance. A team comprises people with conflicting views and opinions, so they may frequently erupt into dysfunctional conflicts, thus, affecting their own, as well as the team’s, performance as a whole in a negative way. Goof practices in conflict management are full-time monitoring, and establishment of a formal or informal code of ethics from day one. It is primarily the leader’s responsibility to explain the followers which behaviors are intolerable or unacceptable and might incur the executor’s liabilities and/or penalties and what behaviors are good enough to make the executor entitled to reward and appreciation. In addition, it is useful to document a procedure of arriving at a solution in times of conflict

Public transport information systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public transport information systems - Essay Example The plan for the journey should be chalked out in such a way that it will become very efficient for people to access it, moreover, with the system of electronic ticketing and all sorts of information regarding the fare. Background of Public Transport Information System In many developed and developing nations the need of an integrated public transport has been felt long ago and many countries including USA, UK, various other European countries, India, etc. governments of these countries have already installed the system in many of their cities and have made several plans for making the system more effective. For example, in UK the Government already had a 10 year plan that it will provide an integrated system of Public Transport Information System wherein people will gain in confidence on its service. In any country, this service is always based on based on the aim of providing clean, fair, efficient and safe mode of transportation. The key objective is to provide information all tim e on transport facilities by operators and authorities in charge of the public transport system. (Department of Transport, UK, pg. 2-3) In UK, there was a Public Transport Act of 2000 wherein it is said guidance has been detailed on how and how much information should be delivered, when asked, by local authorities and in what way the information should be made available to the customers. In this regard, the operators and the authorities should consult with the bus user groups and the traffic commissioner. (Department of Transport, UK, pg. 2-3) The information that is being delivered by the traffic operators and authorities are issued on paper but a great deal of information can be issued electronically. This will not only save time but also will deliver the information within the correct timeline, inclusive of all sorts of delay and incidents. On this purpose, equipments and systems has been routed for both buses and rails. (LIU p 1-2) In this regard, there are two types of informat ion. One is the Journey Planning Information and another being the In-Journey Information which includes information at stop or station. (LIU p 1-2) The information on Journey Planning is facilitated by a range of network owners and service provider websites and also from the National Railways Telephone enquiry service. In order to provide information on public transport through very often a series of regional centers linked with one another. Sometimes, in many countries, particularly in European countries, these regional centers are being run by a group of local authorities, bus operators and passenger transport executives who have partnership on the contract. These regional centers which provide information on local basis can be developed and linked together so as to enable service on national level with the provision of national real time information. (Nijkamp, p.137-139) In the other type of information system, called the In-Journey information, the system is based on real time information system which is being provided by the individual operators, which has been tested and proven in several trail sites. (Nijkamp, p.137-139) The development of the pubic information transport system frequently focuses on another key area of collation and delivery on information of fare so the passenger’

A Study on the Self-Perception of Young Female and Male Students from Literature review

A Study on the Self-Perception of Young Female and Male Students from Somali Ethinic Group in Britain Today - Literature review Example It will attempt to unravel current and pressing issues and problems of the Somali youths and delve into potential recommendations to improve their situations. a. Rationale Caught in unending violence and conflict situations which victimized thousands of Somali from their original home of abode, thousands of them immigrated to Britain to liberate themselves from seemingly unending atrocities and economic decadence. Such diasporas to better their lives and from wanton discriminatory chaotic situation of the past unfortunately resulted to identity confusion as new generation now lacked appreciation of their cultural and original identities. This is illustrated in the absence of direct and contextual experience in their homeland after years of enjoying relative peace as an asylum in Britain. Long detachment of these naturalized Somalis from their original homeland introduced young generation to British culture although there is no explicit claim of such identity as Brits are prominently known of their milky white skin, quite a contrast of Somali’s black skin-tone. Neither do they identify themselves with African lineage. As a consequence, there is a need to bridge intergenerational cultural gaps of adults and of the new generation, where the latter struggle to integrate themselves within British community. Youths and children felt that they are discriminated, as there is apparent perception of dearth of support to mainstream or socially accept them. To cite an example, youths and children felt that there is lack of educational support for them to learn English as language and they felt they are unfairly prejudiced in their daily affairs with other people. b. Significance This study is significant because it will empirically contribute to existing literatures and researches relating to the condition and perception of Somali youths as migrants within United Kingdom. It will also serve as evidence how conflict-situations compromised the identities of people and lost their very selves in a social quagmire and in an unending quest for peace. As part of the outcome of the study, researcher will attempt to make recommendations for policy advocacy and social action. It will also motivate government to look into the plight of Somali youths, prominently tagged as asylum seeker, to respond on their urgent concerns and problems. c. Motivation Youths are said to be the future of the world. There education and value formation are crucial to make themselves complete, instead of being fragmented due to confusion of identities while and at the same time marginalized by the system where it seek protection. Such dilemma will have serious implication to their worldviews, may frustrate them, and if not seriously dealt with will impact to desired societal interaction and to social fabric in the nearest future. Even in the simplest humanitarian consideration, language is important to communicate and to nurture mutual understanding. Hence, efforts should be m ade to bridge understanding, to educate them of their roots to inculcate better understanding of their identities, and to holistically develop them while in the process of integrating themselves in the British society. d. Potential Users This research study will be useful for the following: a. Professionals who are interested to know young Somali’s self-perceptions; b. Researchers and policy makers of the

Public transport information systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public transport information systems - Essay Example The plan for the journey should be chalked out in such a way that it will become very efficient for people to access it, moreover, with the system of electronic ticketing and all sorts of information regarding the fare. Background of Public Transport Information System In many developed and developing nations the need of an integrated public transport has been felt long ago and many countries including USA, UK, various other European countries, India, etc. governments of these countries have already installed the system in many of their cities and have made several plans for making the system more effective. For example, in UK the Government already had a 10 year plan that it will provide an integrated system of Public Transport Information System wherein people will gain in confidence on its service. In any country, this service is always based on based on the aim of providing clean, fair, efficient and safe mode of transportation. The key objective is to provide information all tim e on transport facilities by operators and authorities in charge of the public transport system. (Department of Transport, UK, pg. 2-3) In UK, there was a Public Transport Act of 2000 wherein it is said guidance has been detailed on how and how much information should be delivered, when asked, by local authorities and in what way the information should be made available to the customers. In this regard, the operators and the authorities should consult with the bus user groups and the traffic commissioner. (Department of Transport, UK, pg. 2-3) The information that is being delivered by the traffic operators and authorities are issued on paper but a great deal of information can be issued electronically. This will not only save time but also will deliver the information within the correct timeline, inclusive of all sorts of delay and incidents. On this purpose, equipments and systems has been routed for both buses and rails. (LIU p 1-2) In this regard, there are two types of informat ion. One is the Journey Planning Information and another being the In-Journey Information which includes information at stop or station. (LIU p 1-2) The information on Journey Planning is facilitated by a range of network owners and service provider websites and also from the National Railways Telephone enquiry service. In order to provide information on public transport through very often a series of regional centers linked with one another. Sometimes, in many countries, particularly in European countries, these regional centers are being run by a group of local authorities, bus operators and passenger transport executives who have partnership on the contract. These regional centers which provide information on local basis can be developed and linked together so as to enable service on national level with the provision of national real time information. (Nijkamp, p.137-139) In the other type of information system, called the In-Journey information, the system is based on real time information system which is being provided by the individual operators, which has been tested and proven in several trail sites. (Nijkamp, p.137-139) The development of the pubic information transport system frequently focuses on another key area of collation and delivery on information of fare so the passenger’

Violence in Mexico Essay Example for Free

Violence in Mexico Essay Nothing is surprising today that many today’s newspapers articles, publicized about how elderly people around the world had been discriminated, especially in Mexico. These older people gave us life, they are harmless, defenseless, some society members see them as an obstacle, also a heavy load that need to be carry on their backs. They are jeopardizing their life because of the way society treats them and because of the actual violence in Mexico. There are 600 million elderly people in the world; seven of them living in Mexico, according to the INEGI (Mexico’s census) showed statistics that elderly population is living longer and their population is increasing. Doctors and medicines can reach now the rural areas where before was impossible to get medical aid, also better medicines had being discovered and doctors are getting better preparation than before. The welfare of the elderly population has numerous dimensions, poverty, health care, and the receipt of pension income. In Mexico, many benefits such as having access to health care and receiving a pension at old age are associated with a form of employment. Since women historically have participated less in the labor market than men have, it is natural to expect that women would experience lower living conditions than men would in old age; also the wellbeing of the elderly group is dramatically inferior comparing to other age groups. Fewer older parents wish to assume the uncertainties of following their children across international borders, especially if they or their children have no legal documents. Instead, older people tend not to move, and sending areas often become old as the young migrate and leave their parents and grandparents behind. Mexico’s large population has a high level of poverty and hunger compared to rest of the world. Migration is a fluid process, however one that not only influences social behavior in U.S. destinations, but also lives and lifestyles across the border in Mexico. Although we might hear more about immigrants living and working in United States cities, the vast majority of Mexican immigrants and/or their families do not move to the United States permanently. In fact, Mexico-United States migration most commonly involves individuals leaving their households to engage in temporary or recurrent United States migration strategies that are identify by short-term stays and repeat trips. Two emerging from this social process are transnational communities, involving spatial, economic, and social ties that link residents between the two countries. Some elderly parents will look to their children for support, but some will find a limited set of alternatives given the prevalence of migration. Thus, migration may cause a rise in the number of elderly living alone or seeking alternative types of living arrangements to meet their needs. The discussion below first describes traditional patterns of living arrangements and intergenerational support in Mexico; then examines migration patterns and begins to assess their consequences for elderly living arrangements; and finally presents findings from data collected in fifty-two Mexican villages. No one, especially not one of Mexicos top law enforcement officials, denies that killings by drug cartels have reached record levels. Mexico all of a sudden stopped being a drug-transit country and became a drug-consuming country this means gangs that once shipped drugs into the United States, are now fighting each other to sell the drugs at home. Their fights center on territory whose gets to sell what and where. The only way to settle their differences is through violence, Rubido said. Theyre fighting block by block in a very violent way. The result is a brutal onslaught that resulted in about fifty-four thousand deaths last year, more than double the tallied in 2007. Many analysts say Mexico is on track to set a record again this year. A United Nations report released this week notes that the government of Mexico faces violent opposition by drug cartels to its attempts to fight organized crime and drug trafficking, adding that drug cartels have responded with unprecedented violenc e. That intimidation can often take brutal forms. Last weekend, a police official from the state of Tabasco, arrested a dangerous and one of the country most wanted drug trafficker, a week later he was killed so were his mother, his wife, his children, nieces and nephews. Twelve people total were dead in three homes. Six of them were children. While drugs are being smuggled north, a lot of guns are going south, said Brian Jenkins, a terrorism expert at Rand Corp. â€Å"Authority does not have control over all of its national territory and they had lost most of it to traffickers.† President Felipe Calderon criticized the media for mounting a campaign of â€Å"lies† against Mexico. His comments come two days after important French politicians visited this country, U.S. Director of National Intelligence, said Mexico is not in charge of parts of the country. It pains me the way elderly people is suffering, their only goal is to achieve peace and love, they already gave these to us, now is time to pay them back, we as their descendants should look for the opportunity to share happy moments with them, and place them in places where they are going to be safe and happy.

Taro Leaves Drying Kinetics and Monolayer Moisture Content

Taro Leaves Drying Kinetics and Monolayer Moisture Content INTRODUCTION |1 A study on the drying kinetics and monolayer moisture content of taro leaves This research was aimed to develop dehydrated products based on Taro leaves and finding out the effect of drying parameters such as loading density and temperature on that control the drying kinetics. To determine the end point of drying studies on the sorption isotherm was conducted. From the moisture sorption isotherm data, the monolayer moisture content was estimated by Braunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation using data up to a water activity (aw) of 0.52 and monolayer moisture content was found to be 8.92 g water per 100 g solid for taro leaves. By using another most important model, GAB (Guggenheim-Anderson-DeBoer) model, using data up to aw=0.9, the monolayer moisture content of taro leaves was found to be 19.78g water per 100 gm solid. INTRODUCTION It is estimated that by 2020, the population of Bangladesh will be as high as 200 million, which means that there is a need to produce more food from the limited land resources. In this context, there is a need to explore alternate food crops, which could supply food in food insecurity situations. â€Å"Taro† can be the alternative to the other vegetables for developing and under developed country. Apart from acting as cheap energy and dietary source, this crop provides other micronutrients, vitamins and dietary fiber as well. In Bangladesh, taro is used as vegetable throughout the country. Corms and cormels are used as starchy vegetables whereas leaves and leaf stalks are used as ‘shak’. During famine, a large number of people reportedly survive simply on food materials made by boiling the corms, cormels, stolons, leaf stalks and leaves of different varieties of Taro. The subfamily Colocasioideae of family Araceae consists of three edible tubercrops, namely taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott), `tannia (Xanthosoma spp.) and giant Taro (Alocasia spp.). Among these crops, taro and tannin are cultivated to a larger extent, while giant taro is not as common as commercial crop like the other two. In general, these are crops of third world countries, particularly grown in Africa and Asia. About 88 % of the total world acreage is in Africa which produces about 80% of total production (Onwueme, 1978). Among the three crops, taro is more common in South-East Asia. It is one of the ancient crops with an interesting history blending with the evolution of agricultural systems (Gopalan et al., 1974). A large number of horticultural varieties of taro are widely cultivated in Bangladesh and still larger varieties grow wild. During the rainy season when other vegetables are in scarcity in Bangladesh this taro goes a long way to meet the demand for vegetables. The leaves, petioles, stolons, corms and cormels, and indeed all the parts of some taro are taken as food in large quantities by the rural population in our country. Hence the use of Taro as vegetables, both leaves and roots, in the diets of the people of our country assumes special and added importance. The taro has also medicinal value. Processed Bishknchu is used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of rheumatism. Juice from petioles and whole leaves are used as antiseptic to check bleeding from minor injury in the rural areas of Bangladesh (Chowdhury, 1975). The possibility of wider use of the Taro leaves as vegetables crops in our country may be ascribed to their unusual environmental adaptability and ease of cultivation. The lowland types grow in standing water which is rarely possible for other crops. The taro can be produced with minimum capital investment. Growing of this crop does not require any special technological skill. Their keeping quality in most cases is excellent. The best way of preserving the leasfy vegetables is drying or dehydration. This process costs less, then other preserving methods and require simple instrument. The type and conditions of the blanching treatment prior to drying affect the retention of ascorbic acid, carotene, and ash in the dried vegetables. The sun-dried vegetables had inferior color, texture and acceptability compared to the vegetables dried in the cabinet dryer. In the mechanical dryer, desired temperature and airflow could be maintained. Compared to sun/solar drying, higher airflow and temperature can be used in mechanical drying. This leads to high production rates and improved quality products due to shorter drying time and reduction of the risk of insect infestation and microbial spoilage as well as minimum nutrient loss. Since mechanical drying is not dependent on sunlight so it can be done as and when necessary. Based on the above information, the present experiment was broadly aimed to study on development of shelf stable taro (Colocassia esculenta) leaves product. The specific objectives of this study are as follows: To determine the composition of fresh and processed Taro leaves To develop the isotherm To study the drying characteristics of taro leaves during mechanical and vacuum drying To study the storage stability of processed taro leaves Materials and methods 3.2.3 Sorption isotherm studies The moisture sorption properties of dried Taro leaves were determined at room temperature under conditions of various relative humidity (11-93% RH) in the vacuum desiccators. The various RH conditions were achieved in vacuum desiccators using saturated salt solutions. The following salt solutions (Table. 3.1) of known water activity were used for the study (Islam, 1980). Table 3.1: Water activity of saturated salt solution Petri dishes were used for preparing saturated salt solution. The various salts were put in the Petri dish and water is added to give a saturated condition. The method involved putting a small accurately weighed about 1g sample in a previously weighed Petri dish into desiccators contained saturated salt solutions. The sample and the solution was separated a perforated plate to avoid mixing. The desiccators were evacuated to less than 50 Torr. At various intervals, the vacuum was broken with air, the sample weighed and replaced in the desiccators, which was then re-evacuated. The sample was weighed daily in the initial period and less often, as the sample started to reach equilibrium. Weighing was continued until the sample weights were constant two days in row. In the mid-1970s, water activity came to the forefront as a major factor in understanding the control of the deterioration of reduced moisture, drugs and biological systems (Labuza, 1975). It was found that the general modes of deterioration, namely physical and physicochemical modifications, microbiological growth, and both aqueous and lipid phase chemical reactions were all influenced by the thermodynamic availability of water (water activity) as well as the total moisture content of the system. Control of initial moisture content and moisture migration is critical to the quality and safety of foods. Ideally, food manufacturers develop products with defined moisture contents to produce a safe product with optimum shelf- life. Quality and safety factors that the manufacturer must consider are microbial stability, physical properties, sensory properties, and the rate of chemical changes leading to loss of shelf-life. Water activity or the equilibrium relative humidity of a system is defined as: Where Vapor pressure of water in equilibrium with the dry system Saturation vapor pressure of pure water at the same temperature. Sorption properties of floods (equilibrium moisture content and monolayer moisture) are essential for the design and optimization of many processes such as drying, packaging and storage (Muhtaseb et al., 2002).The moisture sorption isotherms show the equilibrium amount of water sorbed onto a solid as a function of steady state vapor pressure at a constant temperature (Bell and Labuza, 2000). There are many empirical equations that describe this behavior, but the water sorption properties at various RHs should be experimentally determined for each material. The general shape of the isotherm, specific surface area of the sample, reversibility of moisture uptake, presence and shape of a hysteresis loop provide information on the manner of interaction of the solid with water (Swaminathan and Kildsig, 2001). Sorption properties are important in predicting the physical state of materials at various conditions, because most structural transformations and phase transitions are significantly affected by water (Roos, 1995). Langmuir (1917) developed an equation based on the theory that the molecules of gas are adsorbed on the active sites of the solid to form a layer one molecule thick (monolayer). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) sorption model (Brunauer et al.1938) is often used in modeling water sorption particularly to obtain the monolayer value (Eq. 2.10) which gives the amount of water that is sufficient to form a layer of water molecules of the thickness of one molecule on the adsorbing surface (Bell and Labuza 2000, Roos, 1995). The BET monolayer value has been said to be optimal water content for stability of low-moisture materials (Labuza, 1975 and Roos, 1995). The BET equation was developed based on the fact that sorption occurs in two distinct thermodynamic states; a tightly bound portion and multilayer having the properties of bulk free water (Zografi and Kontny, 1986). The BET equation is: Where, = the measured moisture at water activity = the monolayer moisture content (the optimal moisture content for maximum storage stability of a dry food); c = the isotherm temperature dependence coefficient (energy constant) Vanchy (2002) determined the moisture sorption isotherm of Whole milk powder (WMP). The WMPs were stored at 20 and 35 °C under 11%, 22% and 33% relative humidity . The monolayer moisture content was 4.8%, (solids not fat basis) at 0. 11 using the BET equation and 5.1 % at 0.23 according to the GAB equation. Nikolay et al. (2005) determined the moisture equilibrium data (adsorption and desorption) of semi-defatted (fat 10.6 % wet basis) pumpkin seed flour using the static gravimetric method of saturated salt solutions at three temperatures 10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C, found that the equilibrium moisture content decreased with the increase in storage temperature at any given water activity. They fitted the experimental data to five mathematical models (modified Oswin, modified Halsey, modified Chung-Host, modified Henderson and GAB). The GAB model was found to be the most suitable for describing the sorption data. The monolayer moisture content was estimated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation. The BET model (Brunauer et al. 1938) gives the best fit to the data at aw of up to 0.5 (Bell and Labuza 2000, Roos 1995). Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) sorption model (Anderson 1946, Boer 1953, Guggenheim 1966) introduces a third state of sorbed species intermediate to the tightly bound and free states. The GAB equation has a similar form to BET, but has an extra constant, K (equation 2.11). BET is actually a special case of GAB. The GAB equation is: Isotherm equations are useful for predicting the water sorption properties of a material, but no equation gives results accurate throughout the entire range of water activities. According to Timmermann (2003), the GAB monolayer value is always higher than the BET monolayer value. Prediction of water sorption is needed to establish water activity and water content relationship for materials (Roos, 1995) Where m = the measured moisture at water activity; = the monolayer moisture content (the optimal moisture content for maximum storage stability of a dry food), =the GAB multi-layer constant; c=the isotherm temperature dependence coefficient (energy constant). The GAB model can be used to a maximum water activity of 0.9. The following procedure is suggested by Biozt (1983) to fit data on water activities and equilibrium moisture content. Equation (2.11) can be transformed as follows: Where Equation (2.12) indicates that GAB equation is a three-parameter model. The water activity and equilibrium moisture content date are regressed using equation (2.12) and values of three coefficients, and are obtained. From these coefficients, the values of k,, and c can be calculated. To overcome this weakness of the GAB equation, modifications of the equation have been proposed (Schuchmann et al. 1990; Timmermann and Chirife 1991). Timmermann and Chirife (1991) used one additional parameter in the GAB model and studied the so-called third stage of sorption using experimental data of starch with satisfactory results. Isotherm equations are useful for predicting the water sorption properties of a material, but no equation gives results accurate throughout the entire range of water activities. According to Timmermann (2003), the GAB monolayer value is always higher than the BET monolayer value. Prediction of water sorption is needed to establish water activity and water content relationship for materials (Roos, 1995). Results and discussion: The sorption isotherm is an extremely valuable tool for food scientist because it can be used to predict potential changes in food stability, for selection of packaging, for selection of ingredient and for predicting drying time. A sorption isotherm for dehydrated taro leaves obtained by Vacuum oven drying (VOD) was established to determine how the taro product will behave in a confined environment. To obtain the moisture sorption isotherm, moisture content (dry basis) versus water activity were plotted on linear graph paper (Figure 4.1). The results shown in Figure 4.1 (tabulated data given in Appendix-II, Table 2.1), indicate that samples absorb little water particularly at lower aw ( Figure 4.1 Graphical presentation of sorption isotherm of Taro The water sorption isotherm of taro follows the shape of the sigmoid type isotherm. The resultant curve is caused by the combination of colligative effects (physical properties of solution), capillary effects, and surface-water interactions (Bell and Labuza, 2000). A distinct knee usually indicates a formation of a well-defined monolayer. The monolayer moisture content was estimated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation. The BET equation is an extension of the Langmuir relationship that accounts for multilayer coverage. BET equation was used (eq. 2.10) to calculate monolayer moisture content (mo) and energy constant (C). mo represents the optimal moisture for maximum storage stability in the dry state. Results obtained from BET equation are shown in Table 4.2. Table 4.2 Data for BET and GAB methods From the slope and intercept of BET equation (Appendix II, Figure 2.1), monolayer moisture content and energy constant of taro leaves calculated for VOD samples. The monolayer moisture content of taro leaves was found to be 8.92g water per 100 g solid (Table 4.2). The calculated monolayer moisture content are greater than those found by Islam (1980) who reported 5.5 for potato slice and 6 for potato powder and by Kamruzzaman (2005) who reported 7.52 for aroids. Another important model of sorption isotherm behavior stated by GAB (Guggenheim-Anderson-DeBoer) in equation 2.11 and 2.12 to determine the monolayer moisture content of food products. This is very important for safe level of storage of food. Dry foods are usually considered to be most stable to chemical reactions if their moisture content is at or near the BET monolayer (Labuza et al., 1970). Usually air dried products are dried to moisture content corresponding to aw 0.6 (Nickerson and Sinskey, 1977). From this study it is seen that VOD taro leaves give 25% (Figure 4.1) moisture content at 0.6 aw. From this standpoint, freeze dried products are considered best for sorption studies (Islam, 1980). It may be mentioned here that the current study was concerned with adsorption isotherm so as to avoid risk due to hysteresis effect. At same moisture content adsorption path gives higher water activity than desorption path. Thus product dried to safe aw level according to adsorption isotherm will be even safer when it follows desorption path. After fitting data (Appendix II) the following figure was developed and from the developed equation the monolayer moisture content of taro leaves were found for GAB model. Fig. 4.2 Graphical presentation of GAB model of sorption isotherm From the developed Figure (4.2) and equation (4.1) the coefficients found, and were -0.121, 0.114 and -0.003 respectively (Table 4.2). Taking k= 0.9 and found the monolayer moisture content 19.78gm water per 100 gm solid. It is shown that the standard GAB equation is adequate to describe experimental data for water activity values up to 0.90 but fails to adequately describe the experimental data when data in the range of aw 0.9-1.0 are included in the calculation.

The US-Mexico Border :: American America History

The US-Mexico Border International borders have always been centers of conflict, and the U.S.-Mexican border is no exception. With the European colonizing the New World, it was a matter of time before the powers collided. The Spanish settled what is today Mexico, while the English settled what is to day the United States. When the two colonial powers did meet what is today the United States' Southwest, it was not England and Spain. Rather the two powers were the United States and Mexico. Both Counties had broken off from their mother countries. The conflict that erupted between the two countries where a direct result of different nation policies. The United States had a policy of westward expansion, while Mexico had a policy of self protection. The Americans never had a written policy of expansion. What they had was the idea of "Manifest Destiny." Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States had the right to expand westward to the Pacific ocean. On the other hand, Mexico was a new country wanti ng to protect itself from outside powers. Evidence of U.S. expansion is seen with the independence of Texas from Mexico. The strongest evidence of U.S. expansion goals is with the Mexican-American War. From the beginning, the war was conceived as an opportunity for land expansion. Mexico feared the United States expansion goals. During the 16th century, the Spanish began to settle the region. The Spanish had all ready conquered and settled Central Mexico. Now they wanted to expand their land holdings north. The first expedition into the region, that is today the United States Southwest, was with Corando. Corando reported a region rich in resources, soon after people started to settle the region. The driving force behind the settlement was silver in the region. The Spanish settled the region through three major corridors; central, western and eastern. The first settlements were mainly through the central corridor. The Spanish went thorough what is now the modern Mexican state of Chihuahua into the U.S. state of New Mexico. Eventually the Spanish established the city of Santa Fe in 1689. The eastern corridor was through modern day Texas and led to the establishment of San Antonio. The eastern expansion was caused by the French expansion into modern day Louisiana. The Spanish crown wanted a buffer between the French in Louisiana and central Mexico. The last corridor of expansion was in the west, through the sea, which led to the establishment of San Diego in 1769 and Los Angles in 1781.

Romance and Anti-Romance in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay -- Tempest

Romance and Anti-Romance in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   The specific genre classification that one may give to a piece such as The Tempest is often thought to be highly confusing. This is because so many of the qualities of a romance and a realism can be applied to it's words and actions, but at the same time pull away from the very sense of the genre that it is trying to achieve. A romance has many specific qualities, most of which rely on the fancy and imagination of the viewer or the reader. In some circles, it is even known as escapist. Not to the extreme of escapist drama, but certainly free from the boundaries of the mortal world as we know it. In reading the critical essay entitled "The Tempest as Romance and Anti-Romance by Richard Hillman," I found many important points arguing both for and against the idea that it is a romance. He states quite plainly at the beginning that in any romance audiences expect to move and travel widely to exotic places, different times, and widely throughout the realm of imagination. In his opinion, The Tempest takes these principles farther than any previous works in order to destroy them (Hillman 141). In other words, Shakespeare goes to immense trouble to simply set us up for a great fall. The elements that produce fantasy in this work and make it known that it is a specific genre basically prove to be as insubstantial as Prospero's spirit actors. Hillman claims that these elements can simply vanish into thin air and leave quite disturbing resonances with the audiences after their departure. The Tempest is certainly a play of confinements, contortions, and problems (Hillman 142), that much is fairly obvious from the beginning. The island itself is exotic and fantastic in the beginning, pr... ...Restoration Tragicomedy." ELH 51.3 (Fall 1984): 447-64. Eichner, Hans. "The Rise of Modern Science and the Genesis of Romanticism." PMLA 97 (1982): 8-30. Hillman, Richard   The Tempest as Romance and Anti-Romance Shakespeare Quarterly. 34 (1983), 426-432. Langley, Michael. The Appropriation of the Tempest, 1700-1800." Shakespeare Survey 43 (1990): 99-109. Maguire, Nancy Klein. Regicide and Restoration: English Tragicomedy, 1660-1671. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1992. Nicoll, Allardyce. Dryden as an Adapter of Shakespeare. London: Shakespeare Society, 1922. Palmer, D.J. Shakespeare's Later Comedies: An Anthology of Modern Criticism. Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1971. Peterson, Douglas L. Time, Tide, and Tempest Berkeley: U of California P, 1970. 1-103. Spencer, Christopher, Shakespeare: Dream and Tempest.   Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1965. 109-99. Romance and Anti-Romance in Shakespeare's The Tempest Essay -- Tempest Romance and Anti-Romance in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   The specific genre classification that one may give to a piece such as The Tempest is often thought to be highly confusing. This is because so many of the qualities of a romance and a realism can be applied to it's words and actions, but at the same time pull away from the very sense of the genre that it is trying to achieve. A romance has many specific qualities, most of which rely on the fancy and imagination of the viewer or the reader. In some circles, it is even known as escapist. Not to the extreme of escapist drama, but certainly free from the boundaries of the mortal world as we know it. In reading the critical essay entitled "The Tempest as Romance and Anti-Romance by Richard Hillman," I found many important points arguing both for and against the idea that it is a romance. He states quite plainly at the beginning that in any romance audiences expect to move and travel widely to exotic places, different times, and widely throughout the realm of imagination. In his opinion, The Tempest takes these principles farther than any previous works in order to destroy them (Hillman 141). In other words, Shakespeare goes to immense trouble to simply set us up for a great fall. The elements that produce fantasy in this work and make it known that it is a specific genre basically prove to be as insubstantial as Prospero's spirit actors. Hillman claims that these elements can simply vanish into thin air and leave quite disturbing resonances with the audiences after their departure. The Tempest is certainly a play of confinements, contortions, and problems (Hillman 142), that much is fairly obvious from the beginning. The island itself is exotic and fantastic in the beginning, pr... ...Restoration Tragicomedy." ELH 51.3 (Fall 1984): 447-64. Eichner, Hans. "The Rise of Modern Science and the Genesis of Romanticism." PMLA 97 (1982): 8-30. Hillman, Richard   The Tempest as Romance and Anti-Romance Shakespeare Quarterly. 34 (1983), 426-432. Langley, Michael. The Appropriation of the Tempest, 1700-1800." Shakespeare Survey 43 (1990): 99-109. Maguire, Nancy Klein. Regicide and Restoration: English Tragicomedy, 1660-1671. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1992. Nicoll, Allardyce. Dryden as an Adapter of Shakespeare. London: Shakespeare Society, 1922. Palmer, D.J. Shakespeare's Later Comedies: An Anthology of Modern Criticism. Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1971. Peterson, Douglas L. Time, Tide, and Tempest Berkeley: U of California P, 1970. 1-103. Spencer, Christopher, Shakespeare: Dream and Tempest.   Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1965. 109-99.

The War of 1812 Could Have Been Avoided

Konrad Bradbury 8/20/13 History The war of 1812 The war of 1812, a war that some people tend to referto as the second revolutionary war. But could it have been avoided? Well yes it most certainly could have been avoided, but then again couldnt most wars have been avoided? Though some people do not have the same reasoning. Other think that the war of 1812 was unavoidable, that it was â€Å"destined† to happen. Well what reasons do they have to think that? Though what reason do i have to think what i do? Well i will tell you.One reason that i think that the whole war could have just been avoided is because the british completely disragarded the maritime acts of the united states. After a country that was a hundred times smaller than you just beat you you are going to go ahead and act completely oblivious to that ssame countries rules? Sounds very angering to the people that just got away from you right? Right, the americans did not take this lightly. But that couldnt be the only reason that this whole war could have been avoided could it? No.The british might as well of just went up to the president of the united states and told him too screw off. They seemed to not care at all what they did to the americans. Another thing that they did was that they were interfering with all of the trade of the united states. Though even worse they were intercepting american ships and illegally improsining the american seamen. This as you can imagine would greatly anger the united states. The president at the time Madison demanded that britain revoke the oder in the council that declared american commercial vessels subject to interception and seizure.Britian ingnored this demand. Which angered the U. S. even more and congress declared war. After about a week of the declartation britain removed the provocative order and so there was no longer reason for a war to arise. There are some people including me that think that if there was better communication between europe and t he united states and north america then the war could have been avoided entirely. Some people like to call the war of 1812 the second revolutionary war. But how could this be if the united states of american was already free of briatin.Well some people think that this is the second revolutionary war because they think that the americans were pretty much showing once again that they were there own country witht their own rules and their own trading. Which in that sense does kind of make it the second revolutionary war for america. Another reason that the war of 1812 is a second revolutionary war is because of what happened in the war. The britsish came and completely burned Washington D. C. down to the ground. This is actually where our star spangled banner came from.Which personally i think is one of the best reasons to say that it was the second revolutionary war. So in all technicality this was the second revolutionary war because we were fighting from the british so that we were able to have a rights as a free country. Why not say thats what it is? Because that is exacty what it was. After all the reasearch that was done to be able to write this paper i do and will always strongly believe that the war of 1812 most certainly could have been avoided entirely.

Describe Functionalist and Marxist Perspective on Education.

Describe functionalist and Marxist perspective on education. Functionalist Education can be described as the method whereby society continually passes on the knowledge it has gain from pass generations to the next or future generation. It is centered around and entails the teaching of the three R’s, which includes: arithmetic’s, reading and writing but also encompass social, spiritual, moral and physical component. It is viewed as a secondary agent of socialization as it socializes individuals into the norms and acceptable behaviors of society. Functionalist view education as having many roles but are interested mainly in how education meets society needs. They believe that one of its major roles being to equip individuals with intellectual knowledge. Functionalist also believes that besides it most obvious role of passing on society’s knowledge, education also has other latent roles that affects the individual on a holistical level and is reflective of society values, beliefs and norms. According to Durkheim individuals learn to socialize with one another within the schools through the integration of people from all diversity of society and this he believes is one of the latent roles of education, which he also call â€Å"moral education†. Besides this, functionalist believes that education have other latent or subtle roles that are used to instill in individuals values that stem from political and economic system and as a result help them build their self-confidence and prepares them for meeting society demands. For example, independence is taught through individualism. Functionalist also, believe that sorting (separating students on the basis of merit) another function of the school is essential in determine from early on who is capable of doing what and what job they will be better suited to in the future. The next function to take place after this is networking, they believe this function facilitates matchmaking and is unavoidable within the schools setting as individual of background, interest and education comes together to learn. Marxist Marxist sees education as a continuation of functionalist ideologies. They believe that education is used by functionalist to maintain the line of segregation that exists between the classes. Hence the reason why the Marxist view education as being used to create an â€Å"obedient working class† continuing the status quo. Acting as a persistent cause of inequality continuing to maintain the power structures and giving them the tool to create a â€Å"docile† work force. However, it is the view of the Marxist that the education system could be used as a system that helps in sorting the individuals of society into what is their calling position in life, it is the way it is done that their exist a problem. The problems they believe exist in the strategy that is used to by the functionalist to achieve this. This strategy they see as based on the ideals of functionalism which is according to class, race and gender. This is achieved in the form of the hidden agenda that exist within the curriculum that is used to educate. This hidden curriculum Marxist believes is present in every classroom and is taught through the use of the curriculum, hence the reason it is call the hidden curriculum. To the Marxist school of taught the hidden curriculum is present in numerous forms, this is evident in the funding that is available to school in affluent areas. These school according to Marxism are funded by â€Å"property taxes† because of there affluent location. Because of this they can afford to pay higher salaries to their teacher and this give them better teachers, available books and even technology. This in turn cause the students that attend these school to have better opportunities than child children who are schooled in rural areas that do not get the amount of funding that the other school get. Some of theses children are not even given the opportunity to go to college or even complete school. This inequality is also present in the exams that are given to children of the two classes. This is seen in the traditional IQ test that is given to student for acceptance into school. This test is Suppose to test the mental knowledge of the child but the formation of the test is not based on the intelligence of the child but on cultural knowledge. This creates a bias because children from a poor social background will not be able to answer question base on the culture of the affluence classes. This is called Cultural bias and is caused by inequality of the classes. They disagree with the idea that education can be used as a tool for any individual to move up within the social classes that exist in society. They believe that these principles are far from the truth. As religion is used to opiate the people against the real issues that affect them and to help in keeping them from solving their problems so to is education used to discourage the people from helping themselves and to remain within their social classes. Marxist see education as an influential tool in maintaining the lines that separate the have from the have not. Another argument of the functionalist school of taught is the use of meritocracy to help individual achieve status in life. However that Marxist sees this as a false perception, and believes that through meritocracy functionalist portrays the ideals of inequality of opportunity. Marxist believed that it is just another tool that is used to create an unequal society. The hidden curriculum is also present in the socialization process that takes place in school. It is of the view of many sociologists regardless of association or theory that the school is a major institution in the socialization process. It is for this reason that the Marxist believes that functionalist used this as the bases for the continuation of their theories. They see the hidden curriculum in this case as use to instill the norm and values of the functionalist. This is used to tell student what is deem as wrong or right, not allowing room for questioning. The question that Marxist asks is who is to tell what is right or wrong? Whether culturally, academically or otherwise. The hidden curriculum does not stop at school level but it is seen as being continued through out an individual lifetime whether it is in the home, work place or society as a whole.

First exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

First exam - Assignment Example The options available to the organization is to obtain a lease for 36 months with the option to purchase at the end of the lease period, purchasing the motor vehicles by taking out a loan that is repayable over a 36 month (3 year) period or one that is repayable over a 60 month (5 year) period. The 2013 Odyssey LX There are three alternatives available to the organization if it seeks to purchase a 2013 Odyssey LX as one of the vehicles to be used in carrying out the work of the organization. These vehicles will be mainly assessed based on whether to lease or buy and the repayment period to be chosen in the case of the decision to purchase. The difference in total fixed cost is not very different in the case of the 5 year purchase option and the lease option which are $29,110 and $29,548 respectively and this would make the lease option more attractive in present value terms. The 3 year purchase option is approximately $1,250 less than the 5 year purchase option but the time value of money would determine which the better option. However, other considerations when purchasing a vehicle are its fuel economy and the cost of repairs and maintenance. ... If the total miles to be travelled are well within the 45,000 miles limited then this option may be the best when the present value of money is taken into consideration. Here, an appropriate cost of capital to be used in arriving at the present value of the expenditure over the period would become a further consideration. However, if the motor vehicle is to be purchased by the organization at the end of the lease period approximately half of the total costs to the company of $13,868 would be paid at the end of year 3 and so the present value would be much less than paying the amount over a three year period. Additionally, this option presents the organization with a further option at the end of the lease period to either buy the motor vehicle or lease a new motor vehicle. Therefore, if the organization believes that it is best to get a new vehicle for various reasons including a substantial fall in the value of the vehicle, it would not be saddled with the task of selling the vehicle . One of the drawbacks of this option is that the lessor may specify the type of insurance required and this may place additional and unnecessary burden on the organization. Option 2 – Purchase the Odyssey using a loan repayable over 3 years Purchasing the Odyssey using a loan repayable over 3 years appears to be the lowest cost option based on the information in Table 1. However, this may not be the case if the present value of the expenditure over the 3 year period is considered. As mentioned an appropriate cost of capital would have to be used in determining this. In this case the payments for the motor vehicle are spread evenly over the 3 year period. One advantage of this option is that there will be no further charges for any additional miles travelled over 45,000 as in the